Enos J. Crowther b. 24 Sep 1853 Dukinfield, Cheshire, England, United Kingdom d. 1936

1853 - 1936 (82 years)

Personal Information | Sources | Event Map | All | PDF

Name	Enos J. Crowther [1]
Alt. Birth	1852 [2]
Birth	24 Sep 1853	Dukinfield, Cheshire, England, United Kingdom [1, 2]
Gender	Male
Immigration	1854	America [1]
	England
Census	1856	Davenport, Scott, Iowa, USA [3]
	1856 Iowa State
	*George Crowther Household:* Geo. Crowther, Age 33, Married, # Years Iowa Resident - 0, Born in England, Occupation - Moulder, Alien, Militia Harriet Crowther, Age 35, Married, # Years Iowa Resident - 0, Born in England Thomas Crowther, Age 13, # Years Iowa Resident - 0, Born in England Geo. Crowther, Age 9, # Years Iowa Resident - 0, Born in England Enos Crowther, Age 4, # Years Iowa Resident - 0, Born in England Seth Crowther, Age 2, # Years Iowa Resident - 0, Born in Illinois
Residence	1854-1856	Chicago, Cook, Illinois, USA [1]
Census	28 Jul 1860	Dakota City, Dakota, Nebraska Territory, USA [4]
	1860
	*George Crowther Household:* George Crowther, Age 36, Occupation - Moulder, Personal Estate Worth $200.00, Born in Derby, England Harriet Crowther, Age 38, Born in Lancaster, England Thomas J. Crowther, Age 17, Born in Lancaster, England George Crowther, Age 13, Born in Lancaster, England Enos Crowther, Age 8, Born in Chester, England Seth F. Crowther, Age 5, Born in Illinois James Crowther, Age 3, Born in Iowa Ira Crowther, Age 9 months, Born in Nebraska
Residence	1856-1861	Nebraska, USA [1]
Residence	1861	Saint Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri, USA [1]
Census	6 Jun 1880	Saint Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri, USA [5]
	1880
	*Enos Crowther Household:* Crowther, E. J., Age 27, Married, Occupation - Attorney, Born in England, Parents born in England Crowther, Effie, Age 19, Wife, Married, Occupation - Keeping house, Born in Pennsylvania, Parents born in Pennsylvania Brown, Mary, Age 18, Servant, Born in Missouri
Occupation	6 Jun 1880	Saint Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri, USA [5]
	Attorney
Residence	6 Jun 1880	Saint Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri, USA [5]
	Faraon St.
Biography	1881	Saint Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri, USA [6]
	The History of Buchanan County, Missouri
	ENOS J. CROWTHER, City Attorney, was born in England, September 24, 1852, and while yet a child his father came to this country and settled in St. Joseph in 1865. He received a good education at the High School in this city, and graduated in 1873, at the head of his class. He taught school in Holt County for some time, and studied law with the present judge of the Circuit Court, W. H. Sherman. He attended the law course at the University of Michigan, and after receiving his degree he returned home and was admitted to practice before Judge Grubb, March 4, 1875. After being admitted, he spent a year or more in traveling in Mexico for a large mining company. On his return home, he was very soon elected to fill a seventeen months vacancy in the City Register's office. At the next election he was renominated and elected for the full term. After faithfully discharging the duties of Register for nearly four years, to the entire satisfaction of his constituents, he was nominated by the Republican party for City attorney, and over his popular competitor, William Fitzgerald, was elected by a large vote. He is one of the rising young attorneys of the city. He married Miss Effie G. Barnett in February, 1880. She was the daughter of Dr. Barnett, late surgeon in the United States army.
Arrested	14 Apr 1882	Saint Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri, USA [7]
	St. Joseph, Missouri Bond Heist
Newspaper Article	15 Apr 1882	Fort Wayne, Allen, Indiana, USA [8]
	The Fort Wayne Daily Gazette
	St. Joseph Bond Robbers Arrested. St. Joseph, Mo., April 14. - Enos J. Crowther, ex-city register and city attorney and present city accessor, together with a man named John Cox, late clerk for John C. Bender, pension agent, were arrested to-night on complaint of Mayor Posegate charging them with complicity in the $100,000 bond robbery. The arrest was made on information from city Marshall Ritchie, now in New York with the prisoners Scott and Irwin. The telegram stated that Irwin had given the facts that Crowther and Cox stole bonds and had given them to Scott and Irwin to sell.
		Enos J. Crowther Arrested, St. Joe Bond Heist
Newspaper Article	16 Apr 1882	Helena, Lewis and Clark, Montana, USA [9]
	The Helena Independent
	Arrest of Bond Thieves. St. Joseph, Mo., April 14. - Enos J. Crowther, ex-city register and city attorney and present city assessor, together with a man named John Cox, late clerk for John C. Bender, pension agent, were arrested to-night on complaint of Mayor Posegate charging them with complicity in the $100,000 bond steal. Their bonds were fixed at $3,500 each. Crowther furnished bonds. Cox went to jail. The arrest was made on information from city marshall Ritchie, now in New York with the prisoners Scott and Irwin. The telegram stated that Irwin gave the facts away to him that Crowther and Cox stole bonds and had given them to Scott and Irwin to sell. The arrests to-night created a profound sensation.
		Enos J. Crowther Arrested in Connection with St. Joe Bond Heist
Newspaper Article	18 Apr 1882	Atchison, Atchison, Kansas, USA [10]
	The Globe
	The St. Joe Bond Steal. Geo. M. Irwin, one of the men interested in the $100,000 bond steal in St. Joe, has made the following statement of the case: "There is no one concerned in the robbery of the $100,000 bonds but W. W. Scott, John Cox, Enos Crowther and myself. The Gazette was quite right in asserting that the theft was not the plan nor the execution of a moment. It was the work of months. So far as I am concerned, I was not made familiar with the status of affairs until after the robbery was consummated and the bonds had left the vault in the office of City Register Ringo. "One day I was accosted by John Cox. He said he had something to disclose to me in confidence, and having taken me aside, said: " 'Do you know of anybody you can sell some city bonds to?' "I reflected a moment and answered 'yes'. " 'If you can,' said Cox, 'we've got a big thing on hand. We've got $100,000 in city bonds, and if you can sell them I know where we can get $200,000 more of the same kind.' "I thought the matter over, and finally consented to go into it. He took me to a place where I met Enos Crowther and Bill Scott, and was told that they were the men who had the bonds. I met them frequently after that and learned all about the way in which the bonds had been procured. Crowther and Scott had taken the bonds from the register's safe, and the way they did it was in the following manner: "Crowther one day asked Ringo for the use of his key, pretending that he wanted to open his desk in the city attorney's office. Mr. Ringo allowed him to take the whole bunch, among which was the key to the safe. Taking the key, he and Scott immediately had a cast taken of it. I believe they drew the outline of it on a piece of paper and had it made from that. At all events the first key they made was a wooden key. With this they one night entered the register's office and attempted to open the inside lock. Mr. Crowther knew the combination of the outside door and opened it without any trouble. The inside lock was closed and the key was the one in Mr. Ringo's bunch, which he carried in his pocket. They inserted the wooden key, but it broke. They left the office and abandoned the plan until they procured a metal key from the plan they had drawn. With this they opened the second door and then abstracted the bonds. These remained in Mr. Crowther's desk, in his office, for fully a week. Meanwhile the scheme was proposed to me, and I was drawn into it in the way I have stated. "It was then arranged that Scott and I should go to New York City and negotiate the sale of the bonds. We held a number of conferences in Mr. Bender's office, sometimes at night and sometimes in the daytime; but I assure you that none save these I have mentioned had any connection with, or knowledge of, our intentions. Here we discussed the matter in all its bearings. We finally resolved to start on the 22nd of March last. The bonds were packed in a small satchel for convenience, and our arrangements were by the time mentioned fully completed. We went at night. On our way to the depot, we stopped at Jack Younger's saloon, on the corner of Fourth and Edmond streets. Crowther bought a pint of whisky in a bottle and put it in the satchel, saying to Scott as he did so: " 'This is no time for you to drink, Scott. You must keep your wits about you in this business', or words to that effect. We then went to the depot and left for New York. When we got there we began to negotiate for the sale of the bonds without delay. After several days were spent in trying to find a man who would take them, we finally came across a broker on Nassau street who agreed to take them. "We made all arrangements, and on Saturday a week ago, Scott and I went to turn the bonds over. Scott went in with the satchel while I remained without. I strolled leisurely up Nassau toward Broadway, when suddenly a man came and laid his hand on my shoulder and said: " 'You are my prisoner.' "I knew at once that it was all up, for it proved to be one of Pinkerton's detectives."
		Details of the St. Joe Bond Heist, The Globe, Atchison, Kansas
Newspaper Article	20 Apr 1882	Decatur, Macon, Illinois, USA [11]
	The Decatur Weekly Republican
	New York, April 15. - Mr. Donnell, the financial agent of St. Joseph who is in this city, received a telegram yesterday from Mayor Posegate of that place, asking him to deliver the following dispatch to Geo. M. Irwin who, with William Scott, was confined in the Tombs for attempting to sell stolen bonds: "I have told all I know about it and you do the same." (signed) John Cox. City Marshall Rich of St. Joseph, who was preparing to start west with the prisoners, immediately took the dispatch to the Tombs and showed it to Irwin, who thereupon made a full confession. He said the bonds were given to Scott and himself to bring on here and sell by City Assessor Enos Crowther and John Cox, a clerk for John C. Bender, the employer of Irwin, and the proceeds of the sale were to be divided between them. The vault was entered by means of false keys about three weeks ago by Crowther, and the bonds abstracted.
		Enos Crowther and the St. Joe Bond Heist - Cox and Scott in the Tombs, NY
Newspaper Article	22 Apr 1882	Butte, Silver Bow, Montana, USA [12]
	The Daily Miner
	St. Joe, April 19. - Irwin, one of the band of thieves brought before the grand jury, stated that Enos Crowther, a former Register of the city, had a duplicate key to the city safe made and that accompanied by Cox and Scott he stole the bonds and arranged, after disposing of the first lot, to steal $200,000 more.
		Enos Crowther and the St. Joe Bond Heist
Newspaper Article	22 Apr 1882	Marion, Marion, Ohio, USA [13]
	The Marion Daily Star
	Thursday, at St. Joseph, Mo, the grand jury found an indictment against George M. Irwin, W. W. Scott, E. J. Crowther and John Cox, for the theft of $100,000 of funding bonds from the City Register's office. The prisoners were brought into court, waived a formal arraignment, pleaded not guilty, and their bonds were fixed at $5,000 each. Crowther gave bond and the others went back to jail.
		St. Joe Bond Heist, Marion Daily Star
Newspaper Article	27 Apr 1882	Cass City, Tuscola, Michigan, USA [14]
	The Cass City Enterprise
	The grand jury at St. Joseph, Mo., has passed indictments against M. Irwin, W. W. Scott, E. J. Crowther and John Cox for the theft of $100,000 of funding bonds from the City Registrer's office. The bonds were fixed at $5000. Crowther gave bonds, the others went back to jail.
		St. Joe Bond Heist, Cass City (Michigan) Enterprise
Newspaper Article	13 Mar 1883	Burlington, Des Moines, Iowa, USA [15]
	The Weekly Hawk-eye
	THE ST. JOSEPH BOND ROBBERS. St. Joseph, Mo., March 13. - The case of Enos J. Crowther, charged with complicity in robbing the city vaults of $100,000 worth of city bonds about a year ago, is now in trial. John S. Cox, one of the defendants has turned states evidence, and testified that he, together with Crowther, Irwin and Scott, planned and committed the robbery. Subsequently Scott and Irwin went to New York to negotiate the bonds.
		Enos J. Crowther on Trial
Newspaper Article	15 Mar 1883	Dunkirk, Chautauqua, New York, USA [16]
	The Dunkirk Observer
	At the trial of Enos Crowther at St. Joseph, Mo., yesterday for stealing $100,000 in city bonds ex-Registrar Ringo testified that Crowther borrowed the keys of the vault the night of the robbery and never returned them. Ringo agreed to help in the robbery on condition that he be re-elected registrar and thereby prevent the discovery of the theft.
		Enos J. Crowther on Trial, The Dunkirk Observer
Newspaper Article	15 Mar 1883	Atchison, Atchison, Kansas, USA [17]
	The Globe
	Two of the four persons concerned in the late bond robbery in St. Joe have made confessions, George Irwin and John S. Cox, and it is believed that Enos J. Crowther, ex-city register, and Wm. Scott will go to the penitentiary for a long term of years for the crime. An attempt is now being made to influence the jury by proving that Crowther was a man of good character up to the time of the robbery. We are at a loss to understand how Crowther ever came to engage in the robbing business with three notorious crooked men, but perhaps his connection with fast men and women dulled his brain. It is a very sad case, so far as Crowther is concerned, any way you look at it, but it ought to teach young men that it is exceedingly dangerous to be a "thoroughbred", as Crowther was a year or so before the robbery.
		Enos J. Crowther on Trial, St. Joe Bond Heist
Newspaper Article	16 Mar 1883	Decatur, Macon, Illinois, USA [18]
	The Decatur Daily Republican
	The St. Joseph Bond Case. St. Joseph, Mo., March 16. - In the Circuit Court yesterday the case against Enos J. Crowther for complicity in the $100,000 bond robbery was continued. The defense examined a number of witnesses as to previous good character of Crowther, while the State announced that this was not disputed. A saloon keeper named Geiner was examined to prove an alibi, and Crowther and his wife were put on the stand to sustain it. The attorneys for the prosecution state they will knock the wind out of the alibi scheme to-day.
		Enos & Effie Take The Stand, St. Joe Bond Heist Trial
Newspaper Article	19 Mar 1883	Decatur, Macon, Illinois, USA [19]
	The Decatur Daily Republican
	The Supposed Bond Thief Acquitted. St. Joseph, Mo., March 19. - The trial of Enos J. Crowther, charged with robbing the city register's office of $100,000 worth of city bonds, came to a close Saturday night, after continuing eight days, resulting in an acquittal. The arguments were closed at 9:15 p.m., and the jury retired at once and agreed upon a verdict on the first ballot. They returned to the courtroom in exactly fifteen minutes with a verdict of not guilty. The verdict was received with cheers, and when court was adjourned Mr. Crowther was congratulated by many of the best citizens of the city who were present. The trial of Scott, who was arrested in New York with the stolen bonds in his possession, will commence Monday.
		St. Joe Bond Heist Trial - Enos J. Crowther Acquitted
Newspaper Article	5 Apr 1883	Atchison, Atchison, Kansas, USA [20]
	The Globe
	Geo. Crowther, of St. Joe, slapped Vinton Pike in the face on election day, and was fined $70 in the police court. During the late trial of the bond thieves in that city, Vinton Pike frequently referred to Enos Crowther as a perjurer, and his brother resented the insult as stated. The fine is generally regarded as outrageously large.
		Assault by George Crowther on behalf of Enos
Biography	1893	Chicago, Cook, Illinois, USA [21]
	Portrait and Biographical Record of Buchanan and Clinton Counties, Missouri
	ENOS J. CROWTHER. In its manufactures the prosperity of a city finds its impetus, and American enterprise is not prone to allow opportunities for the profitable investment of capital and employment of labor to go to waste. No location on the continent excels that of St. Joseph for the encouragement offered to manufacturing enterprises in supplying the means for their success. With every facility for transportation offered by the most favored cities, and with an agricultural population steadily increasing and strengthening the home market, the incentives to energy in the way of rewards that are the fruit of enterprise exist here to an extent not surpassed by any locality in the Union. The Crowther & Rogers Manufacturing Company was incorporated in January, 1893, with a capital stock of $45,000 and with Enos J. Crowther as Secretary. The foundry was established before the Civil War, and from 1866 to 1881 the firm name was Burnsides, Crowther & Rogers. But at the last-named date the senior member retired from the firm and the title became Crowther & Rogers. The foundry and machine shop are the oldest in the city as well as among the most prosperous. The main building is equipped with all the most modern and improved machinery adapted to the manufacture of cast iron work, propelled by an engine of thirty horse power. The Secretary of this flourishing concern, Enos J. Crowther, was born in Dukinfield, England, September 24, 1853. His father, George Crowther, was likewise a native of England, and was a moulder by trade. After his marriage he emigrated to American in 1854 and located in Chicago, where in time he became superintendent of two foundries. In 1856 he removed overland to the northeastern part of Nebraska, where he engaged in farming for five years. He came to St. Joseph in 1861 to take charge of the Union Foundry and Machine Shop, in which, two or three years afterward, he became a partner. He remained in that connection, becoming widely known as a business man of enterprise, until 1885, when he died at the age of sixty-one years. Even at this day he is often spoken of as the finest moulder who ever came to St. Joseph, and his work has always been done in a conscientious and efficient manner. The mother of our subject, Harriet (Johnson) Crowther, was born in England and now makes her home in St. Joseph. She is a faithful member of the Episcopalian Church and a lady of generous disposition and cordial manners. Of her seven sons only four grew to manhood. Hon. Thomas J. Crowther, a practical moulder, assumed the charge of the foundry after his father's death and remained in that business connection until his demise, which occurred March 8, 1892. A prominent local politician, he was chosen on the Republican ticket to represent the Second District in the Missouri Legislature, and served for two years with fidelity to the interests of his constituents. George C. is also influential in local politics and was nominated for Member of Congress against Mr. Burnes, but was defeated by a small majority. He served as City Treasurer for four years and is now Deputy Treasurer. James O. is a moulder by trade and is a member of the firm. Of his native land our subject retains no recollection, as he was but an infant when he was brought to America by his parents. Coming to St. Joseph in 1861, he has since made this city his home. During his vacations from school work he learned the trade of a moulder, completing it when seventeen. He then returned to high school, from which he graduated in 1873. After teaching for one year he entered the law department of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, where he carried on his legal studies for one year. Later he read law with Judge Sherman and in March, 1875, was admitted to practice at the bar of the state of Missouri. Mr. Crowther, before entering upon his active business career, took an overland trip to the southwestern states and territories and old Mexico, and spent about twelve months in becoming familiar with the customs of the people in that section of America. Returning home, he was elected City Registrar on the Republican ticket in 1876 and reelected two years later. He occupied that position until the spring of 1880, when he was elected City Attorney for a term of two years. In 1882 he entered the firm of Crowther & Rogers and remained there until 1886, when he accepted a position in a foundry at Albuquerque, N Mex. In 1889 he returned to St. Joseph and became foreman in the foundry, later accepting the position of Secretary, which he now holds. At St. Joseph, on February 22, 1880, Mr. Crowther married Miss Effie G. Barnett, who was born in Pennsylvania and reared in St. Joseph. They are the parents of two children: Fred B. and F. Lolita. Fraternally Mr. Crowther is a prominent member of the Masonic Order, having attained to the degree of Knight Templar. He was formerly identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, but has lately severed his active connection with that organization. In his religious connections he is identified with the Episcopal Church as an active member and generous contributor to all its enterprises. Politically he is a Republican, as has doubtless been inferred from the previous lines.
Census	4 Jun 1900	Saint Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri, USA [22]
	1900
	*Enos Crowther Household (1006 South 15th St.):* Crowther, Enos J., Head, Born September 1853, Age 46, Married 20 years, Born in England, Parents born in England, Immigrated to US in 1854, Naturalized citizen, Owns home with mortgage Crowther, Effie G., Wife, Born February 1861, Age 39, Married 20 year, Mother of 4 children, 4 children still living, Born in Pennsylvania, Parents born in Pennsylvania Crowther, Fred B., Son, Born June 1881, Age 18, Single, Born in Missouri, Father born in England, Mother born in Pennsylvania Crowther, Marie E., Daughter, Born January 1883, Age 17, Single, Born in Missouri, Father born in England, Mother born in Pennsylvania Crowther, Florence L., Daughter, Born February 1887, Age 13, Single, Born in Missouri, Father born in England, Mother born in Pennsylvania Crowther, Ethel C., Daughter, Born August 1889, Age 10, Born in Missouri, Father born in England, Mother born in Pennsylvania Florence Barnett (Love) Household: (1008 South 15th St.): Love, Florence, Head, Born November 1859, Age 40, Single, Born in Pennsylvania, Parents born in Pennsylvania, Occupation - Teacher, Home is rented Love, James B., Brother, Born September 1865, Age 34, Single, Born in Pennsylvania, Parents born in Pennsylvania, Occupation - Contractor Builder
Residence Address	4 Jun 1900	Saint Joseph (1006 South 15 St.), Buchanan, Missouri, USA [22]
	Address: 1006 South 15th St. Saint Joseph, MO USA
Occupation	4 Jun 1900	Saint Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri, USA [22]
	Foundry Manager
Census	20 Apr 1910	Saint Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri, USA [23]
	1910
	*Enos J. Crowther Household (1006 S. 15th St.):* Crowther, Enos, Head, Age 56, Married 30 years, Occupation - Foundry Owner, Employer, Born in England, parents born in England, Naturalized Citizen, Immigrated to US in 1854, home is owned free and clear (no mortgage) Crowther, Effie G., Wife, Age 49, Married 30 years, Mother of 2 children, 2 children still living, Born in Pennsylvania, parents born in Pennsylvania Crowther, Florence L., Daughter, Age 21, Single, Occupation - Public School Teacher, Employee, Born in New Mexico, Father born in England, Mother born in Pennsylvania Florence L. Barnett Household (1008 S. 15th St.): Barnett, Florence L., Head, Age 51, Single, Occupation - Public School Teacher, Employee, Born in Pennsylvania, parents born in Pennsylvania, home is owned free and clear (no mortgage) Crowther, Fred B., Nephew, Age 23, Married 1 year, Occupation - Clerk in Railroad Office, Employee, Born in Missouri, Father born in England, Mother born in Pennsylvania Crowther, Martha R., Wife, Age 25, Married 1 year, Mother of 0 children, Born in Iowa, parents born in Switzerland
Residence Address	20 Apr 1910	Saint Joseph (1006 South 15 St.), Buchanan, Missouri, USA [23]
	Address: 1006 South 15th St. Saint Joseph, MO USA
Occupation	20 Apr 1910	Saint Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri, USA [23]
	Foundry Owner
Census	15 Jan 1920	Okmulgee, Okmulgee, Oklahoma, USA [24]
	1920
	*Enos Crowther Household:* Crowther, Enos, Head, Rents home, Age 67, Married, Born in New York (error - should be England), Parents born in Europe, Occupation - Iron Works Bolder Crowther, Minnie, Wife, Age 54, Married, Born in Ohio, Father born in Kentucky, Mother born in New Jersey
Residence Address	15 Jan 1920	Okmulgee (118 Sherman Ave.), Okmulgee, Oklahoma, USA [24]
	Address: 118 Sherman Ave. Okmulgee, OK USA
Occupation	15 Jan 1920	Okmulgee, Okmulgee, Oklahoma, USA [24]
	Iron Works Bolder
Census	1 Apr 1930	Casper, Natrona, Wyoming, USA [25]
	1930
	*Fred B. Crowther Household:* Crowther, Fred B., Head, Rents home, Owns a radio, Age 47, Married at age 28, Born in Missouri, Father born in England, Mother born in Pennsylvania, Occupation - Railroad Clerk Crowther, Martha R., Wife, Age 46, Married at age 25, Born in Iowa, Parents born in Switzerland Crowther, Jane, Daughter, Age 16, Born in Missouri, Father born in Missouri, Mother born in Iowa Crowther, John E., Father, Age 77, Widowed, Born in England, Parents born in England, Immigrated to US in 1854, Naturalized Citizen Sandon, Florence, Sister, Age 41, Widowed, Born in New Mexico, Father born in England, Mother born in Pennsylvania, Occupation - Credit Exchange Stenographer
Residence Address	1 Apr 1930	Casper (534 S. Kimball St.), Natrona, Wyoming, USA [25]
	Address: 534 S. Kimball St. Casper, WY USA
AKA	John E. Crowther [25]
User ID	22.82*
Death	1936
Burial	Saint Joseph (Mount Mora Cemetery), Buchanan, Missouri, USA
		Enos J. and Effie G. (Barnett) Crowther Plot: Lot N1/2 3, Block 16, Section H
Person ID	I1808	FLINT
Last Modified	18 Aug 2013

Father	George Crowther, b. Abt 1823, Derby, Derbyshire, England, United Kingdom d. 1885 (Age ~ 62 years)
Mother	Harriet W. Johnson, b. 8 Feb 1822, Manchester, Lancashire, England, United Kingdom d. 5 Mar 1905, Saint Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri, USA (Age 83 years)
Family ID	F579	Group Sheet \| Family Chart

Family 1 Effie G. Barnett, b. 9 Feb 1861, Pennsylvania, USA d. 11 Nov 1913, Saint Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri, USA (Age 52 years)

Marriage 22 Feb 1880 Saint Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri, USA [1, 26]

Children

	1. Fred Barnett Crowther, b. Jun 1881, Missouri, USA bur. Saint Joseph (Mount Mora Cemetery), Buchanan, Missouri, USA
	2. Marie E. Crowther, b. Jan 1883, Missouri, USA d. Yes, date unknown
	3. Florence L. Crowther, b. Feb 1887, New Mexico, USA d. Yes, date unknown
	4. Ethel C. Crowther, b. Aug 1889, Missouri, USA d. Yes, date unknown

Family ID F577 Group Sheet | Family Chart

Last Modified 6 Mar 2005

Family 2	Minnie, b. Abt 1866, Ohio, USA d. Yes, date unknown
Family ID	F809	Group Sheet \| Family Chart
Last Modified	25 Aug 2008

Event Map

	Birth - 24 Sep 1853 - Dukinfield, Cheshire, England, United Kingdom
	Immigration - England - 1854 - America
	Census - 1856 Iowa State - 1856 - Davenport, Scott, Iowa, USA
	Residence - 1854-1856 - Chicago, Cook, Illinois, USA
	Census - 1860 - 28 Jul 1860 - Dakota City, Dakota, Nebraska Territory, USA
	Residence - 1856-1861 - Nebraska, USA
	Residence - 1861 - Saint Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri, USA
	Marriage - 22 Feb 1880 - Saint Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri, USA
	Census - 1880 - 6 Jun 1880 - Saint Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri, USA
	Occupation - Attorney - 6 Jun 1880 - Saint Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri, USA
	Residence - Faraon St. - 6 Jun 1880 - Saint Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri, USA
	Biography - The History of Buchanan County, Missouri - 1881 - Saint Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri, USA
	Arrested - St. Joseph, Missouri Bond Heist - 14 Apr 1882 - Saint Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri, USA
	Newspaper Article - The Fort Wayne Daily Gazette - 15 Apr 1882 - Fort Wayne, Allen, Indiana, USA
	Newspaper Article - The Helena Independent - 16 Apr 1882 - Helena, Lewis and Clark, Montana, USA
	Newspaper Article - The Globe - 18 Apr 1882 - Atchison, Atchison, Kansas, USA
	Newspaper Article - The Decatur Weekly Republican - 20 Apr 1882 - Decatur, Macon, Illinois, USA
	Newspaper Article - The Daily Miner - 22 Apr 1882 - Butte, Silver Bow, Montana, USA
	Newspaper Article - The Marion Daily Star - 22 Apr 1882 - Marion, Marion, Ohio, USA
	Newspaper Article - The Cass City Enterprise - 27 Apr 1882 - Cass City, Tuscola, Michigan, USA
	Newspaper Article - The Weekly Hawk-eye - 13 Mar 1883 - Burlington, Des Moines, Iowa, USA
	Newspaper Article - The Dunkirk Observer - 15 Mar 1883 - Dunkirk, Chautauqua, New York, USA
	Newspaper Article - The Globe - 15 Mar 1883 - Atchison, Atchison, Kansas, USA
	Newspaper Article - The Decatur Daily Republican - 16 Mar 1883 - Decatur, Macon, Illinois, USA
	Newspaper Article - The Decatur Daily Republican - 19 Mar 1883 - Decatur, Macon, Illinois, USA
	Newspaper Article - The Globe - 5 Apr 1883 - Atchison, Atchison, Kansas, USA
	Biography - Portrait and Biographical Record of Buchanan and Clinton Counties, Missouri - 1893 - Chicago, Cook, Illinois, USA
	Census - 1900 - 4 Jun 1900 - Saint Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri, USA
	Residence Address - Address: 1006 South 15th St. Saint Joseph, MO USA - 4 Jun 1900 - Saint Joseph (1006 South 15 St.), Buchanan, Missouri, USA
	Occupation - Foundry Manager - 4 Jun 1900 - Saint Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri, USA
	Census - 1910 - 20 Apr 1910 - Saint Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri, USA
	Residence Address - Address: 1006 South 15th St. Saint Joseph, MO USA - 20 Apr 1910 - Saint Joseph (1006 South 15 St.), Buchanan, Missouri, USA
	Occupation - Foundry Owner - 20 Apr 1910 - Saint Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri, USA
	Census - 1920 - 15 Jan 1920 - Okmulgee, Okmulgee, Oklahoma, USA
	Residence Address - Address: 118 Sherman Ave. Okmulgee, OK USA - 15 Jan 1920 - Okmulgee (118 Sherman Ave.), Okmulgee, Oklahoma, USA
	Occupation - Iron Works Bolder - 15 Jan 1920 - Okmulgee, Okmulgee, Oklahoma, USA
	Census - 1930 - 1 Apr 1930 - Casper, Natrona, Wyoming, USA
	Residence Address - Address: 534 S. Kimball St. Casper, WY USA - 1 Apr 1930 - Casper (534 S. Kimball St.), Natrona, Wyoming, USA
	Burial - - Saint Joseph (Mount Mora Cemetery), Buchanan, Missouri, USA

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Sources

[S500] Chapman Bros., Bio - Portrait and Biographical Record of Buchanan and Clinton Counties, Missouri, (Chicago: Chapman Bros., 1893. (Original data), Ancestry.com. Buchanan and Clinton Counties, Missouri Biographical Record [database online]. Provo, Utah: MyFamily.com, Inc., 2004.).
[S516] The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, International Genealogical Index(R), (Copyright (c) 1980, 2002).
[S787] 1856 Iowa Census - IA, Scott, Davenport/George Crowther Household, (Ancestry.com. Iowa State Census Collection, 1836-1925 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc., 2007. Original data: Microfilm of Iowa State Censuses, 1856, 1885, 1895, 1905, 1915, 1925 as well various special censuses from 1836-1897 obtained from the State Historical Society of Iowa via Heritage Quest.).
[S503] 1860 US Census - Nebraska Territory, Dakota, Dakota City/George & Harriet Crowther & 6 kids, (Dakota City, Dakota, Nebraska Territory Gender: Male Post Office: Dakota City Roll: M653_665 Page: 0 Year: 1860).
[S504] 1880 US Census - MO, Buchanan, St. Joseph/Enos J. & Effie (Barnett) Crowther, (Year: 1880; Census Place: St. Joseph, Buchanan, Missouri; Roll: T9_675; Family History Film: 1254675; Page: 187B; Enumeration District: 57; Image: 0176., 6 June 1880, Faraon St.).
[S737] Bio - The History of Buchanan County, Missouri., (St. Joseph, Mo.: Union Historical, 1881., Ancestry.com. Buchanan County, Missouri History [database online]. Provo, Utah: MyFamily.com, Inc., 2004.), 8 Aug 2006 (Reliability: 4).
ENOS J. CROWTHER,

City Attorney, was born in England, September 24, 1852, and while yet a child his father came to this country and settled in St. Joseph in 1865. He received a good education at the High School in this city, and graduated in 1873, at the head of his class. He taught school in Holt County for some time, and studied law with the present judge of the Circuit Court, W. H. Sherman. He attended the law course at the University of Michigan, and after receiving his degree he returned home and was admitted to practice before Judge Grubb, March 4, 1875. After being admitted, he spent a year or more in traveling in Mexico for a large mining company. On his return home, he was very soon elected to fill a seventeen months vacancy in the City Register's office. At the next election he was renominated and elected for the full term. After faithfully discharging the duties of Register for nearly four years, to the entire satisfaction of his constituents, he was nominated by the Republican party for City attorney, and over his popular competitor, William Fitzgerald, was elected by a large vote. He is one of the rising young attorneys of the city. He married Miss Effie G. Barnett in February, 1880. She was the daughter of Dr. Barnett, late surgeon in the United States army.
[S752] Newspaper - The Helena Independent (Helana, Montana), (Helena, Montana).
[S756] Newspaper - The Fort Wayne Daily Gazette (Fort Wayne, Indiana), (Fort Wayne, Indiana) (Reliability: 3).
St. Joseph Bond Robbers Arrested.
St. Joseph, Mo., April 14. - Enos J. Crowther, ex-city register and city attorney and present city accessor, together with a man named John Cox, late clerk for John C. Bender, pension agent, were arrested to-night on complaint of Mayor Posegate charging them with complicity in the $100,000 bond robbery. The arrest was made on information from city Marshall Ritchie, now in New York with the prisoners Scott and Irwin. The telegram stated that Irwin had given the facts that Crowther and Cox stole bonds and had given them to Scott and Irwin to sell.
[S752] Newspaper - The Helena Independent (Helana, Montana), (Helena, Montana) (Reliability: 3).
Arrest of Bond Thieves.
St. Joseph, Mo., April 14. - Enos J. Crowther, ex-city register and city attorney and present city accessor, together with a man named John Cox, late clerk for John C. Bencer, pension agent, were arrested to-night on complaint of Mayor Posegate charging them with complicity in the $100,000 bond steal. Their bonds were fixed at $3,500 each. Crowther furnished bonds. Cox went to jail. The arrest was made on information from city marshall Ritchie, now in New York with the prisoners Scott and Irwin. The telegram stated that Irwin gave the facts away to him that Crowther and Cox stole bonds and had given them to Scott and Irwin to sell. The arrests to-night created a profound sensation.
[S753] Newspaper - The Globe (Atchison, Kansas), (Atchison, Kansas) (Reliability: 3).
The St. Joe Bond Steal.
Geo. M. Irwin, one of the men interested in the $100,000 bond steal in St. Joe, has made the following statement of the case:
"There is no one concerned in the robbery of the $100,000 bonds but W. W. Scott, John Cox, Enos Crowther and myself. The Gazette was quite right in asserting that the theft was not the plan nor the execution of a moment. It was the work of months. So far as I am concerned, I was not made familiar with the status of affairs until after the robbery was consummated and the bonds had left the vault in the office of City Register Ringo.
"One day I was accosted by John Cox. He said he had something to disclose to me in confidence, and having taken me aside, said:
" 'Do you know of anybody you can sell some city bonds to?'
"I reflected a moment and answered 'yes'.
" 'If you can,' said Cox, 'we've got a big thing on hand. We've got $100,000 in city bonds, and if you can sell them I know where we can get $200,000 more of the same kind.'
"I thought the matter over, and finally consented to go into it. He took me to a place where I met Enos Crowther and Bill Scott, and was told that they were the men who had the bonds. I met them frequently after that and learned all about the way in which the bonds had been procured. Crowther and Scott had taken the bonds from the register's safe, and the way they did it was in the following manner:
"Crowther one day asked Ringo for the use of his key, pretending that he wanted to open his desk in the city attorney's office. Mr. Ringo allowed him to take the whole bunch, among which was the key to the safe. Taking the key, he and Scott immediately had a cast taken of it. I believe they drew the outline of it on a piece of paper and had it made from that. At all events the first key they made was a wooden key. With this they one night entered the register's office and attempted to open the inside lock. Mr. Crowther knew the combination of the outside door and opened it without any trouble. The inside lock was closed and the key was the one in Mr. Ringo's bunch, which he carried in his pocket. They inserted the wooden key, but it broke. They left the office and abandoned the plan until they procured a metal key from the plan they had drawn. With this they opened the second door and then abstracted the bonds. These remained in Mr. Crowther's desk, in his office, for fully a week. Meanwhile the scheme was proposed to me, and I was drawn into it in the way I have stated.
"It was then arranged that Scott and I should go to New York City and negotiate the sale of the bonds. We held a number of conferences in Mr. Bender's office, sometimes at night and sometimes in the daytime; but I assure you that none save these I have mentioned had any connection with, or knowledge of, our intentions. Here we discussed the matter in all its bearings. We finally resolved to start on the 22nd of March last. The bonds were packed in a small satchel for convenience, and our arrangements were by the time mentioned fully completed. We went at night. On our way to the depot, we stopped at Jack Younger's saloon, on the corner of Fourth and Edmond streets. Crowther bought a pint of whisky in a bottle and put it in the satchel, saying to Scott as he did so:
" 'This is no time for you to drink, Scott. You must keep your wits about you in this business', or words to that effect. We then went to the depot and left for New York. When we got there we began to negotiate for the sale of the bonds without delay. After several days were spent in trying to find a man who would take them, we finally came across a broker on Nassau street who agreed to take them.
"We made all arrangements, and on Saturday a week ago, Scott and I went to turn the bonds over. Scott went in with the satchel while I remained without. I strolled leisurely up Nassau toward Broadway, when suddenly a man came and laid his hand on my shoulder and said:
" 'You are my prisoner.'
"I knew at once that it was all up, for it proved to be one of Pinkerton's detectives."
[S774] Newspaper - The Decatur Weekly Republican (Decatur, Illinois), (Decatur, Illinois) (Reliability: 3).
New York, April 15. - Mr. Donnell, the financial agent of St. Joseph who is in this city, received a telegram yesterday from Mayor Posegate of that place, asking him to deliver the following dispatch to Geo. M. Irwin who, with William Scott, was confined in the Tombs for attempting to sell stolen bonds:

"I have told all I know about it and you do the same."
(signed) John Cox.

City Marshall Rich of St. Joseph, who was preparing to start west with the prisoners, immediately took the dispatch to the Tombs and showed it to Irwin, who thereupon made a full confession. He said the bonds were given to Scott and himself to bring on here and sell by City Assessor Enos Crowther and John Cox, a clerk for John C. Bender, the employer of Irwin, and the proceeds fo the sale were to be divided between them. The vault was entered by means of false keys about three weeks ago by Crowther, and the bonds abstracted.
[S754] Newspaper - The Daily Miner (Butte, Montana), (Butte, Montana) (Reliability: 3).
St. Joe, April 19. - Irwin, one of the band of thieves brought before the grand jury, stated that Enos Crowther, a former Register of the city, had a duplicate key to the city safe made and that accompanied by Cox and Scott he stole the bonds and arranged, after disposing of the first lot, to steal $200,000 more.
[S755] Newspaper - The Marion Daily Star (Marion, Ohio), (Marion, Ohio) (Reliability: 3).
Thursday, at St. Joseph, Mo, the grand jury found an indictment against George M. Irwin, W. W. Scott, E. J. Crowther and John Cox, for the theft of $100,000 of funding bonds from the City Register's office. The prisoners were brought into court, waived a formal arraignment, pleaded not guilty, and their bonds were fixed at $5,000 each. Crowther gave bond and the others went back to jail.
[S759] Newspaper - The Cass City Enterprise (Cass City, Missouri), (Cass City, Missouri) (Reliability: 3).
The grand jury at St. Joseph, Mo., has passed indictments against M. Irwin, W. W. Scott, E. J. Crowther and John Cox for the theft of $100,000 of funding bonds from the City Registrer's office. The bonds were fixed at $5000. Crowther gave bonds, the others went back to jail.
[S757] Newspaper - The Weekly Hawk-eye (Burlington, Iowa), (Burlington, Iowa) (Reliability: 4).
THE ST. JOSEPH BOND ROBBERS.
St. Joseph, Mo., March 18. - The case of Enos J. Crowther, charged with complicity in robbing the city vaults of $100,000 worth of city bonds about a year ago, is now in trial. John S. Cox, one of the defendants has turned states evidence, and testified that he, together with Crowther, Irwin and Scott, planned and committed the robbery. Subsequently Scott and Irwin went to New York to negotiate the bonds.
[S760] Newspaper - The Dunkirk Observer (Dunkirk, New York), (Dunkirk, New York), 8 Aug 2006 (Reliability: 4).
At the trial of Enos Crowther at St. Joseph, Mo., yesterday for stealing $100,000 in city bonds ex-Registrar Ringo testified that Crowther borrowed the keys of the vault the night of the robbery and never returned them. Ringo agreed to help in the robbery on condition that he be re-elected registrar and thereby prevent the discovery of the theft.
[S753] Newspaper - The Globe (Atchison, Kansas), (Atchison, Kansas), 8 Aug 2006 (Reliability: 3).
Two of the four persons concerned in the late bond robbery in St. Joe have made confessions, George Irwin and John S. Cox, and it is believed that Enos J. Crowther, ex-city register, and Wm. Scott will go to the penitentiary for a long term of years for the crime. An attempt is now being made to influence the jury by proving that Crowther was a man of good character up to the time of the robbery. We are at a loss to understand how Crowther ever came to engage in the robbing business with three notorious crooked men, but perhaps his connection with fast men and women dulled his brain. It is a very sad case, so far as Crowther is concerned, any way you look at it, but it ought to teach young men that it is exceedingly dangerous to be a "thoroughbred", as Crowther was a year or so before the robbery.
[S758] Newspaper - The Decatur Daily Republican (Decatur, Illinois), (Decatur, Illinois) (Reliability: 3).
The St. Joseph Bond Case.
St. Joseph, Mo., March 16. - In the Circuit Court yesterday the case against Enos J. Crowther for complicity in the $100,000 bond robbery was continued. The defense examined a number of witnesses as to previous good character of Crowther, while the State announced that this was not disputed. A saloon keeper named Geiner was examined to prove an alibi, and Crowther and his wife were put on the stand to sustain it. The attorneys for the prosecution state they will knock the wind out of the alibi scheme to-day.
[S758] Newspaper - The Decatur Daily Republican (Decatur, Illinois), (Decatur, Illinois), 8 Aug 2006 (Reliability: 4).
The Supposed Bond Thief Acquitted.
St. Joseph, Mo., March 19. - The trial of Enos J. Crowther, charged with robbing the city register's office of $100,000 worth of city bonds, came to a close Saturday night, after continuing eight days, resulting in an acquittal. The arguments were closed at 9:15 p.m., and the jury retired at once and agreed upon a verdict on the first ballot. They returned to the courtroom in exactly fifteen minutes with a verdict of not guilty. The verdict was received with cheers, and when court was adjourned Mr. Crowther was congratulated by many of the best citizens of the city who were present. The trial of Scott, who was arrested in New York with the stolen bonds in his possession, will commence Monday.
[S753] Newspaper - The Globe (Atchison, Kansas), (Atchison, Kansas), 8 Aug 2006 (Reliability: 3).
Geo. Crowther, of St. Joe, slapped Vinton Pike in the face on election day, and was fined $70 in the police court. During the late trial of the bond thieves in that city, Vinton Pike frequently referred to Enos Crowther as a perjurer, and his brother resented the insult as stated. The fine is generally regarded as outrageously large.
[S500] Chapman Bros., Bio - Portrait and Biographical Record of Buchanan and Clinton Counties, Missouri, (Chicago: Chapman Bros., 1893. (Original data), Ancestry.com. Buchanan and Clinton Counties, Missouri Biographical Record [database online]. Provo, Utah: MyFamily.com, Inc., 2004.), 9 Aug 2006 (Reliability: 4).
ENOS J. CROWTHER. In its manufactures the prosperity of a city finds its impetus, and American enterprise is not prone to allow opportunities for the profitable investment of capital and employment of labor to go to waste. No location on the continent excels that of St. Joseph for the encouragement offered to manufacturing enterprises in supplying the means for their success. With every facility for transportation offered by the most favored cities, and with an agricultural population steadily increasing and strengthening the home market, the incentives to energy in the way of rewards that are the fruit of enterprise exist here to an extent not surpassed by any locality in the Union.

The Crowther & Rogers Manufacturing Company was incorporated in January, 1893, with a capital stock of $45,000 and with Enos J. Crowther as Secretary. The foundry was established before the Civil War, and from 1866 to 1881 the firm name was Burnsides, Crowther & Rogers. But at the last-named date the senior member retired from the firm and the title became Crowther & Rogers. The foundry and machine shop are the oldest in the city as well as among the most prosperous. The main building is equipped with all the most modern and improved machinery adapted to the manufacture of cast iron work, propelled by an engine of thirty horse power.

The Secretary of this flourishing concern, Enos J. Crowther, was born in Dukinfield, England, September 24, 1853. His father, George Crowther, was likewise a native of England, and was a moulder by trade. After his marriage he emigrated to American in 1854 and located in Chicago, where in time he became superintendent of two foundries. In 1856 he removed overland to the northeastern part of Nebraska, where he engaged in farming for five years. He came to St. Joseph in 1861 to take charge of the Union Foundry and Machine Shop, in which, two or three years afterward, he became a partner. He remained in that connection, becoming widely known as a business man of enterprise, until 1885, when he died at the age of sixty-one years. Even at this day he is often spoken of as the finest moulder who ever came to St. Joseph, and his work has always been done in a conscientious and efficient manner.

The mother of our subject, Harriet (Johnson) Crowther, was born in England and now makes her home in St. Joseph. She is a faithful member of the Episcopalian Church and a lady of generous disposition and cordial manners. Of her seven sons only four grew to manhood. Hon. Thomas J. Crowther, a practical moulder, assumed the charge of the foundry after his father's death and remained in that business connection until his demise, which occurred March 8, 1892. A prominent local politician, he was chosen on the Republican ticket to represent the Second District in the Missouri Legislature, and served for two years with fidelity to the interests of his constituents. George C. is also influential in local politics and was nominated for Member of Congress against Mr. Burnes, but was defeated by a small majority. He served as City Treasurer for four years and is now Deputy Treasurer. James O. is a moulder by trade and is a member of the firm.

Of his native land our subject retains no recollection, as he was but an infant when he was brought to America by his parents. Coming to St. Joseph in 1861, he has since made this city his home. During his vacations from school work he learned the trade of a moulder, completing it when seventeen. He then returned to high school, from which he graduated in 1873. After teaching for one year he entered the law department of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, where he carried on his legal studies for one year. Later he read law with Judge Sherman and in March, 1875, was admitted to practice at the bar of the state of Missouri.

Mr. Crowther, before entering upon his active business career, took an overland trip to the southwestern states and territories and old Mexico, and spent about twelve months in becoming familiar with the customs of the people in that section of America. Returning home, he was elected City Registrar on the Republican ticket in 1876 and reelected two years later. He occupied that position until the spring of 1880, when he was elected City Attorney for a term of two years. In 1882 he entered the firm of Crowther & Rogers and remained there until 1886, when he accepted a position in a foundry at Albuquerque, N Mex. In 1889 he returned to St. Joseph and became foreman in the foundry, later accepting the position of Secretary, which he now holds.

At St. Joseph, on February 22, 1880, Mr. Crowther married Miss Effie G. Barnett, who was born in Pennsylvania and reared in St. Joseph. They are the parents of two children: Fred B. and F. Lolita. Fraternally Mr. Crowther is a prominent member of the Masonic Order, having attained to the degree of Knight Templar. He was formerly identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, but has lately severed his active connection with that organization. In his religious connections he is identified with the Episcopal Church as an active member and generous contributor to all its enterprises. Politically he is a Republican, as has doubtless been inferred from the previous lines.
[S505] 1900 US Census - MO, Buchanan, St. Joseph/Enos J. & Effie (Barnett) Crowther & 4 kids, (5 Ward Saint Joseph, Buchanan County, Missouri, Series: T623 Microfilm: 842 Book: 2 Page: 203, 4 June 1900, 1006 South Fifteenth St.).
[S508] 1910 US Census - MO, Buchanan, St. Joseph/Enos J. & Effie (Barnett) Crowther, Florence Barnett, (5-WD ST JOSEPH, BUCHANAN, Missouri, Series: T624 Roll: 772 Part: 1 Page: 84A Year: 1910).
[S882] 1920 US Census - OK, Okmulgee County, Okmulgee (Ward 2)/Enos Crowther, (1920;Census Place: Okmulgee Ward 2, Okmulgee, Oklahoma; Roll: T625_1476; Page: 15A; Enumeration District: 125; Image: 81.), 1920enoscrowtherokmulgeeoklahoma.
[S836] 1930 US Census - WY, Natrona, Casper/Fred B. Crowther, (Year: 1930; Census Place: Casper, Natrona, Wyoming; Roll: 2624; Page: 6B; Enumeration District: 14; Image: 400.0.), 1930fredbcrowther.
[S516] The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, International Genealogical Index(R), (Copyright (c) 1980, 2002), Batch #: M514672, Sheet #: 00, Source Call #: 1004803 V. D-E, Printout Call #: NONE, Dates: 1874 - 1883, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, International Genealogical Index (R), Copyright (c) 1980, 2002, data as of December 10, 2004 (Reliability: 3).